HD.Coding

Bit manipulation is the act of algorithmically manipulating bits or other pieces of data shorter than a byte. C language is very efficient in manipulating bits. Here are following operators to perform bits manipulation: Bitwise Operators: Bitwise operator works on bits and perform bit by bit operation. Assume if B = 60; and B = 13; Now in binary format they will be as follows: A = 0011 1100 B = 0000 1101 ----------------- A&B = 0000 1000 A|B = 0011 1101 A^B = 0011 0001 ~A  = 1100 0011 Show Examples There are following Bitwise operators supported by C language Operator Description Example & Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. (A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100 | Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in eather operand. (A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101 ^ Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. (A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001 ~ Binary Ones Compleme...

When accessing files through C, the first necessity is to have a way to access the files. For C File I/O you need to use a FILE pointer, which will let the program keep track of the file being accessed. For Example: FILE *fp; To open a file you need to use the  fopen  function, which returns a FILE pointer. Once you've opened a file, you can use the FILE pointer to let the compiler perform input and output functions on the file. FILE *fopen(const char *filename, const char *mode); Here filename is string literal which you will use to name your file and mode can have one of the following values w - open for writing (file need not exist) a - open for appending (file need not exist) r+ - open for reading and writing, start at beginning w+ - open for reading and writing (overwrite file) a+ - open for reading and writing (append if file exists) Note that it's possible for fopen to fail even if your program is perfectly correct: you might try to open...